Learning and Evaluation/Archive/Learning modules/3Constructing your own Questions

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Part 1: Introduction

Why Surveys Are Useful

Survey instruments

Types of information

Attributes - a special case

Survey Objective and Planning

Part 2: Reliability & Validity

Reliability & Validity

Content Validity

Criterion Validity

Construct Validity

Part 3: Question Construction

Writing Good Questions

Questions from Existing Surveys

Constructing your own Questions

Avoid Double Negatives

Minimize Social Desirability Bias

Avoid Double-barreled questions

Avoid abbreviations, jargon, technical terms, or slang

Avoid leading questions

Avoid loaded questions

Use appropriate wording

Ask useful questions

Rely on second-hand data sparsely

Use caution when asking personal questions

Part 4: Response Options

Fill-in-the-blank

Dichotomous pairs

Multiple choice

Check all that apply

Choosing response options

Part 5: Questionnaire structure

Important considerations

Questions order

Additional Resources

Wikimedia Training Designing Effective Questions Menu

Constructing your own questions

Before writing survey questions, it is important that questions are based on identified objectives.

Each of the following examples first presents the target objective along with a range of examples from very poor to better to help you recognize some common errors in survey design.

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