特殊语言代码

This page is a translated version of the page Special language codes and the translation is 84% complete.

维基媒体wiki的语言可以在每个页面的<html>元素的lang="..."和xml:lang="..."属性中找到（或多语言页面中特定子内容的其他元素）；它们还用于CSS语言选择器中的样式。这些语言代码通常应该是BCP 47定义的规范语言标记。

在大多数情况下，我们用于项目的子域名对应于语言代码，但仍有一些例外。这通常是出于历史原因，其中有效的ISO 639代码（或已注册和未弃用的BCP 47变体代码）在创建项目时仍然不可用，但也因为某些以前的ISO 639代码已被弃用或删除，因为它们包含了一组现在被认为是不同的语言。

弃用或删除的ISO 639代码在BCP 47中仍然有效（现有代码不会被删除），这些代码通常可能是缺失翻译的后备或允许向上兼容，即使它们不再被推荐用于现代使用和新创建的内容（使用这些代码可能会在维基媒体中产生无法解决的争议，除非使用较新的代码区分不同的翻译）。在某些情况下，ISO 639中的一些早期区别也已被删除，因为它们是人为地临时引入的（有时是出于非中立的政治原因）但没有得到用户的良好支持，并且当它们不必要地使翻译人员的任务复杂化时，或者当他们经常需要使用语言后备或自动音译时（当不同脚本变体的大多数用户之间采用可靠的标准和拼写惯例时），或者因为教育的发展以便更好地相互理解和接受本地使用的多种变体。

不匹配它們的`lang`属性的子域名

子域名	语言	项目	注释
`als`	Local name： Alemannisch English name： Alemannic Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote	使用`gsw`，它匹配语言的ISO 639-3代码。
`bh`	Local name： भोजपुरी English name： Bihari Language family： Indo-Aryan	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T41968 stalled 模糊的遗留代码。使用`bho`，它与该语言的ISO 639-3代码相匹配。
`roa-rup`	Local name： armãneashti English name： Aromanian Language family： Italic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary	使用`rup`，它匹配语言的ISO 639-3代码。
`simple`	Local name： Simple English English name： Simple English Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary	使用普通英语的`en`。
`zh-classical`	Local name：文言 English name： Classical Chinese Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia	文言文有ISO 639-3代码`lzh`。
`zh-min-nan`	Local name： Bân-lâm-gú English name： Minnan Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wikisource	闽南语有ISO 639-3代码`nan`。
`zh-yue`	Local name：粵語 English name： Cantonese Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia	粤文有ISO 639-3代码`yue`。

杂项：

所有wikimedia.org的子域名

不符合有效的ISO 639语言代码的子域名

子域名	语言	项目	注释
`als`	Local name： Alemannisch English name： Alemannic Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T6793 stalled 阿勒曼尼语有ISO 639-3代码`gsw`。ISO 639-3代码`als`被另外分配给Tosk Albanian。
`bat-smg`	Local name： žemaitėška English name： Samogitian Language family： Baltic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T27522 stalled 萨莫吉提亚语有ISO 639代码`sgs`。
`cbk-zam`	Local name： Chavacano de Zamboanga English name： Chavacano de Zamboanga Language family： Pidgin and Creole	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T124657 stalled 作为单个语言，Chavacano de Zamboanga没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-3代码`cbk`被分配给查瓦卡诺语，这是Chavacano de Zamboanga的超集。
`eml`	Local name： emiliàn e rumagnòl English name： Emilian-Romagnol Language family： Italic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T36217 stalled 用于艾米利亚-罗马涅语的ISO 639-3代码`eml`现已停用，并拆分为`egl`（艾米利亚语）和`rgn`（罗马涅语）。
`fiu-vro`	Local name： võro English name： Võro Language family： Finno-Permic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T31186 stalled 佛罗语有ISO 639-3代码`vro`。
`iu`	Local name： ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut English name： Inuktitut Language family： Eskimo-Aleut	Wikipedia	ISO 639认为`iu`/`iku`不是單個语言，而是包括`ike`和`ikt`的大语言。MediaWiki同意这一点（參見phabricator），但语言备选设定至`ike`，叫做`ike-cans`；添加了`ike-latn`；没有`ikt`支持。CLDR认为Cans是正确字母。
`ksh`	Local name： Ripoarisch English name： Ripuarian Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia	ISO 639-3代码`ksh`被分配给科隆语，这是利普里安语的子集。
`map-bms`	Local name： Basa Banyumasan English name： Banyumasan Language family： Sunda-Sulawesi	Wikipedia	作为单个语言，Banyumasan没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-1代码`jv`/`jav`被分配给爪哇语，这是Banyumasan的超集。
`nds-nl`	Local name： Nedersaksies English name： Dutch Low Saxon Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia	与低地德语的`nds`重复。
`nrm`	Local name： Nouormand English name： Norman Language family： Italic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T25216 stalled 作为单个语言，诺曼语没有ISO 639代码（然而诺曼语的两种方言——Guernésiais和Jèrriais则分享ISO 639-3代码`nrf`）。ISO 639-3代码`nrm`被另外分配给Narom语。ISO 639-3将诺曼语与法语结合在一起，就好像各种北部的法语方言一样。
`roa-rup`	Local name： armãneashti English name： Aromanian Language family： Italic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T17988 stalled 阿罗马尼亚语有ISO 639-3代码`rup`。
`roa-tara`	Local name： tarandíne English name： Tarantino Language family： Italic	Wikipedia	作为单个语言，塔伦蒂诺语没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-3将其与意大利语结合在一起，就好像各种北部的意大利语方言一样。
`sh`	Local name： srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски English name： Serbo-Croatian Language family： Slavic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T127680 stalled `sh`原本是塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语的ISO 639-1代码，但它已不再活跃。然而它仍然是有效的BCP 47语言标签。塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语有ISO 639-3代码`hbs`。在CLDR别名中，`sh`映射到`sr-Latn`。
`simple`	Local name： Simple English English name： Simple English Language family： Germanic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T110190 stalled 简单英语没有ISO 639代码，但拥有已注册的IETF子标签`simple`。 However, even if the `simple` code is valid as a standard subtag for BCP 47, because it is only registered as a generic subtag for language variants for various base languages like `en-simple` or `fr-simple` (using the now standard variant subtag is preferable to using multiple subtags including an unregistered private extension, like "en-x-simple"). As a plain tag, "simple" means nothing in BCP 47 or ISO 639 (as it is not a plain language). Note that under ISO 639 rules, Simple English is a variant or dialect or special orthography of English (so it can be registered as a variant subtag of English, like "formal" or informal" used in German or Dutch), defined as a subset for some limited usage. The IANA database for IETF's BCP 47 already indicates this and BCP 47-aware applications should have no problem to identify the language as being part of normal English, as long as it is properly tagged as "en-simple" and not just "simple". Also the content of the Simple English Wikipedia is hard to assess if it is really in "Simple" English or just normal English, as there's NO standard for such "simplication" but only an editorial community decision which is not really enforceable, except for some presentation rules. For example, there does not exist any "Simple English" dictionary, and all "Simple English" users refer to normal English dictionaries. Simple English is only a stylistic decision made by different authors with different preferences or perception of what is "simple" enough for them individually; in fact, even the "Simple English" Wikipedia could be fully integrated within normal English Wikipedia by better classification of its content or by using decicated portals for some public with limited understanding of English, and by making sure the English Wikipedia does not enter into too much complex details without separating them into subpages or detailed sections: it should be possible to describe any topic in simpler terms before using more complex terms that would first be defined, using didactic/pedagogical rules for sorting this content. And there are different view about how to simplify English, depending on the audience (for youth? for non-native speakers? for disabled people? for some specific country? Are simplifications the same in US, Canada, UK, Australia, South Africa or India?).
`zh-classical`	Local name：文言 English name： Classical Chinese Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T10217 stalled Tracked in Phabricator: Task T30443 stalled 文言文有ISO 639-3代码`lzh`。
`zh-min-nan`	Local name： Bân-lâm-gú English name： Minnan Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wikisource	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T10217 stalled Tracked in Phabricator: Task T30442 stalled 闽南语有ISO 639-3代码`nan`。
`zh-yue`	Local name：粵語 English name： Cantonese Language family： Sinitic	Wikipedia	Tracked in Phabricator: Task T10217 stalled Tracked in Phabricator: Task T30441 stalled 粤文有ISO 639-3代码`yue`。

杂项：

tokipona：已解散的维基百科子域名
ru-sib：已故的维基百科子域名，以虚构的“西伯利亚”语言骗局
be-x-old：已修复并重定向到be-tarask维基百科子域（请参阅phab:T11823）

其他區別

子域名	语言	项目	注释
`ms`	Local name： Bahasa Melayu English name： Malay Language family： Sunda-Sulawesi	Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wiktionary	Malay language used to be "ms", just like Indonesian language is "id", but since the Malay Wikipedia inception, the code "ms" has become the code for macro language (not individual language). https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ms (639-1) -> Page not found. The page you requested does not exist. For your convenience, a search was performed using the query code ms. https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/may (639-2/B) = https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/msa (639-2/T and 639-3) = Malay (macrolanguage) There are many individual languages under "ms"/"msa", including Indonesian ("id"/"ind"), Banjar ("bjn"), Minang ("min"), three living languages with their own Wikimedia projects, as well as Malay (individual language) ("mly"-Deprecated 2008 or "zlm"-Malay or "zsm"-Standard Malay / Malaysian Malay / Malaysian language) It should be noted that the creation of Malay Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wiktionary all predates the change in the language code in 18 February 2008, with the latest one, Malay Wikibooks, created on 24 August 2004. See also: Discussion in Wikisource Malay request for new project Policy for macrolanguages code
`ak`	Local name： ak English name： Akan Language family： Niger-Congo	Wikipedia; 已关闭： Wikibooks, Wiktionary	这两个維基集合是同一种语言么？见维基百科条目。 Note that this situation is quite similar to the artificial distinction between Luxembourgish and Moselle Franconian, or between Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian: they are also clusters of dialects of the same mutually intelligible base language with just minor differences (for terminology choice or their preferred orthography, but multiple orthographies exist for all these dialects). It's hard (and in fact impossible) to make a real distinction at linguistic level, this is purely an ethnopolitical distinction and native speakers in one region going to the other region where the other dialect cluster is referred by a different name will be known there to use the other cluster name and will speak/write without more problems than in their origin ethopolitical community. This adaptation also occurs within each cluster, based on social interaction or level of formality (e.g. in religion, or for prestige, or for vernacular speech and jargons in the street or used by younger or less educated people).
`tw`	Local name： Twi English name： Twi Language family： Niger-Congo	Wikipedia; 已关闭： Wiktionary
`de-formal`	Local name： Deutsch English name： German Language family： Germanic	—	不用作主机名，但作为伪变体子标签（未注册）包含在translatewiki.net中的某些翻译中（在Meta-Wiki中用于根据他们的偏好直接引用wiki用户时的策略等页面）：我们应该使用私有使用扩展
`nl-informal`	Local name： Nederlands English name： Dutch Language family： Germanic	—

Technical language code

The special language code qqx can be used to display the ids of all system messages used on a page.

参见

特殊语言代码

不匹配它們的lang属性的子域名

不符合有效的ISO 639语言代码的子域名

其他區別

Technical language code

参见

不匹配它們的`lang`属性的子域名