Meta:Правила интернационализации
Meta-Wiki aims to be a multi-language wiki, so most pages are expected to be translatable and translated. To be translatable through Translate extension, a page should be tagged with <translate>...</translate> (i.e. internationalized) then marked for translation by a translation admin. This page aims to present guidelines for page internationalization on Meta-Wiki.
For a step-by-step guide to marking a page for translation, see the tutorial.
 | General notice: when translations are already complete, please refrain from performing an edit which would make them obsolete, even if the <translate> tagging does not follow these guidelines. |
Основные правила
Generally, you should follow Translate extension’s guidelines about marking a page for translation. When possible, avoid manually splitting translation units using the </translate> tag; let empty lines split translation units instead.
Although you can edit translated content using the visual editor, you must use the source editor to add or change translation markup. To make it easier to add translation markup, use the buttons in the box under the editing interface.
Do not use section editing when editing translated pages since this adds extra whitespace to the page.[1] Always select the option to edit the entire page.
Примеры сегментации
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
Add <translate> tags on new lines around headings and paragraphs.
<translate>
== Заголовок раздела ==
Это параграф.
Это другой параграф.
</translate>
{{Шаблон}}
<translate>
== Другой заголовок ==
</translate>
|
Heading markup (for example: ==) must be included in translation units.
== <translate>Заголовок раздела</translate> ==
<translate>Это параграф.</translate>
<translate>Это другой параграф.</translate>
{{Шаблон}}
== <translate>Другой заголовок<translate> ==
|
Split list items into individual translation units without line breaks. Exclude list markup from the translation unit.
* <translate>Это длинные список:</translate> ** <translate>В этом списке больше чем 160 слов,</translate> ** <translate>или более восьми пунктов.</translate> * <translate>Поэтому лучше разделить этот список на несколько частей.</translate> * <translate>При этом мы должны добавить звёздочки (астериски) из переводческих меток to keep the list accessible.</translate> |
List markup (for example: * or #) must be excluded from translation units.
<translate> * Это длинный список: ** В этом списке больше чем 160 слов, ** или более восьми пунктов. </translate> <translate> * Поэтому лучше разделить этот список на несколько частей. * При этом мы должны добавить звёздочки (астериски) из переводческих меток to keep the list accessible. </translate> |
Особые элементы
Ссылки
Links require special markup to link to the correct language variant of the target page. Use localized link syntax for any page that could be translated, even if it hasn't been marked for translation. Pages which do not need localized link syntax include talk pages and templates without textual content.
To link to a page on a multilingual wiki, prefix links with Special:MyLanguage/. To make translation easier, include only the link text in the translation unit, not the link target. If the link is part of a larger translation unit, like a paragraph, you can exclude the link target from the translation unit by wrapping it inside a translation variable (<tvar name=1> … </tvar>).
For a standalone link to a page on the same wiki, such as in a list or a table, you can use the localized link template to simplify the syntax. This works on Meta-Wiki, mediawiki.org, Outreach Wiki, and other wikis where this template is available.
For links to Wikipedia article, you should use {{lwp}} template for the target and wrap it inside a tvar. E.g. [[{{lwp|Rosa Parks}}</tvar>]] produces en:Rosa Parks in English pages and fr:Rosa Parks in French pages.
For other cross-wiki and external links, if a translation exists, you should not put the link target inside tvar. Of course, if the target website has a language detection system (like MediaWiki's Special:MyLanguage/), you may use this system and put the full link inside tvar.
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
To link to a page on a multilingual wiki, prefix the link target with Special:MyLanguage/, and add link text. Use a translation variable to ensure that only the link text is included in the translation unit.
<translate> Learn about [[<tvar name=1>Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia projects</tvar>|Wikimedia projects]] and how to request a [[<tvar name=2>Special:MyLanguage/New project process</tvar>|new project]]. </translate> |
The translation variable should include only the link target, not the link text.
<translate> Learn about [[<tvar name=1>Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia projects</tvar>|Wikimedia projects]] and how to request a [[<tvar name=2>Special:MyLanguage/New project process|new project</tvar>]]. </translate> |
For a standalone link to a page on the same wiki, such as in a list or a table, use Template:ll, and translate only custom link text. You can use |nsp=0 to simplify the link text by omitting the namespace.
<translate>
See also:
</translate>
* {{ll|Help:Contents|2=<translate>Help pages</translate>}}
* {{ll|Meta:Discussion pages|nsp=0}}
|
A parameter name (2=) is required when adding <translate> tags inside template syntax.
<translate>
See also:
</translate>
* {{ll|Help:Contents|<translate>Help pages</translate>}}
* {{ll|Meta:Discussion pages|nsp=0}}
|
For external links, exclude the link target from the translation unit using a translation variable.
<translate> This is a text with an [<tvar name=url>https://openstreetmap.org</tvar> external link]. </translate> |
A translation variable is required to exclude the external link target from the translation unit.
<translate> Это текст с [[внутренней ссылкой]] и внешней [https://openstreetmap.org ссылкой]. </translate> |
Категоризация
You should exclude category declarations from <translate> tags. Instead, add {{#translation:}} after the category name: [[Category:Target category{{#translation:}}]]. This way, only the main English page is categorized into the target categories, translation pages are categorized in per-language categories.
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
[[Category:Wikipedia{{#translation:}}]]
|
<translate>[[Category:Wikipedia]]</translate> |
Изображения
Предпросмотры и большие изображения
If the image can be localized (e.g. it contains some text and a translated version exists), it should be fully included in <translate> tags.
Else, you should only wrap alt= value in <translate nowrap> tags and caption in <translate> tags.
If left or right is used as image parameter: remove it if it is useless (thumbnails default to right in English), or replace it respectively with {{dirstart}} or {{dirend}}.
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
[[File:пейзаж.jpg |thumb |{{dirstart}} |alt=<translate nowrap>закат</translate> |<translate>Фото прекрасного пейзажа</translate>]]
|
<translate>
[[File:пейзаж.jpg |thumb |left |alt=закат |Фото прекрасного пейзажа]]
</translate>
|
<translate> [[File:Скриншот Википедии на английском.png|thumb|alt=Homepage of English Wikipedia with featured article and news topics|Главная страница Википедии]] </translate> |
[[File:Скриншот Википедии на английском.png|thumb|right|alt=<translate nowrap>Homepage of English Wikipedia with featured article and news topics</translate>|<translate>Главная страница Википедии</translate>]]
|
Иконки
Inline icons may be simply wrapped in a <tvar name="icon">.
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
<translate> [[File:pretty hello word.png|alt=Hello everybody!]], <tvar name="icon">[[File:смайлик.png|alt=🙂]] Как дела? </translate> |
<translate> [[File:pretty hello word.png|alt=Hello everybody!]], [[File:смайлик.png|alt=🙂]] Как дела? </translate> |
Переменные перевода
Translation variables (<tvar name="name"></tvar> syntax) should be used to hide text from translators in order to prevent them from translating it.
The following examples should be wrapped inside tvar:
- automatically-localized or non-localizable link targets,
- usernames,
- numbers likely to change (they should be wrapped inside
{{formatnum:}}then insidetvar), - tag attributes (e.g.
<span class="css_class" style="background-color:blue"</tvar>>hello</span>), - template name and parameters (e.g.
{{<tvar name=1>center|5px</tvar>|hello}}), - parts of complex wikitext or HTML (but please ensure the resulting wikitext for translators is balanced).
The following examples should not be wrapped inside tvar:
- people and place names (even if they are rarely translated, they may be transliterated),
- XML tags without attributes, like
<code>(the translation interface handles them), - localizable link targets (i.e. links to multilingual website).
Названия переменных перевода
To help translators, please keep tvar names as short and readable as possible. If translators don’t need to know their content, using numbered names is a good idea because digits are quick to type for most translators and are common in many languages (so that most beginners do not accidentally translate them).
However if tvar is inside a sentence, it should have an explicit name to allow translators to understand what it contains and so write it easily in the right place in their translation (it is pretty common for an email address, URL, wikitext tag name…).
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
[[<tvar name="1">Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links|См. справочную страницу]] |
[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links|См. справочную страницу]] |
The meeting will take place on <tvar name="date">{{dateT||9|24}}</tvar> on <tvar name="software">{{int string|Zoom}}</tvar>.
|
The meeting will take place on <tvar name=1>{{dateT||9|24}}</tvar> on <tvar name=2>{{int string|Zoom}}</tvar>.
|
Avoid using spaces, underscores or letters with diacritics in tvar names as well.
| Хороший синтакс | Плохой синтакс |
|---|---|
<tvar name="max-count">84</tvar> cafés
|
<tvar name="max_count of café">84</tvar> cafés
|
Шаблоны
You may prepare a template for translation like any page, but you should ensure the “Включить для этой страницы возможность раскрытия (трансклюзии) шаблонов с учётом перевода” checkbox is checked when you mark the page for translation.
If you insert a <translate> tag inside a parameter value of a template call, ensure the parameter is named (else add a numeric name, like 1=).
If your template is expected to be included in non-translatable pages (e.g. user pages) and should be translated in these pages, you can use the pre-2021 hack with switch, replacing uselang={{PAGELANGUAGE}} with uselang={{int:lang}} in the code shown below.
Pre-2021 hacks
Before MediaWiki 1.36.0-wmf.32 (2021-02-23), you should ensure English pages include the /en subpage of a template instead of a template directly.
One way was to replace each occurrence of {{my translated template|param}} with {{TNT|my translated template|param}}, except in templates or transcluded pages which should contain {{ {{TNTN|my translated template}} |param}} instead.
Another way was to edit the template to make it call itself {{TNT}}. To this end, you should put the full template code inside a switch which evaluated an empty <translate> tag, with a default case which called {{TNT}}.
{{#switch:<translate></translate>
|=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><full template code></span>
|#default={{#invoke:Template translation|renderTranslatedTemplate|template={{subst:FULLPAGENAME}}|uselang={{PAGELANGUAGE}}|noshift=1}}
}}