Connected Open Heritage/Physical Photo Exhibition/cs
Journeys Through Our Fragile Heritage: discover, preserve, transmit
Titulní strana
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This photo exhibition, prepared jointly by Wikimedia and UNESCO, is organized within the framework of the #Unite4Heritage campaign. It showcases freely licensed Open Access digital resources that illustrate the richness and diversity of our common cultural heritage. It highlights the beauty and fragility of cultural heritage, and aims to help to preserve and transmit it for future generations. |
Photo by Gilles Mairet, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
Old Town of Djenné |
Inhabited since 250 B.C., Djenné became a market centre and an important link in the trans-Saharan gold trade. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it was one of the centres for the propagation of Islam. Its traditional houses, of which nearly 2,000 have survived, are built on hillocks (toguere) as protection from the seasonal floods. The site is inscribed in the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2016, due to insecurity, which is affecting the area and preventing the implementation of protective measures for this Malian World Heritage site. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Old Towns of Djenné” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1520, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
About the exhibition
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The #Unite4Heritage movement aims to celebrate and safeguard cultural heritage and diversity around the world, calling on everyone to stand up against intolerance and sectarianism by promoting and rejoicing in cultural diversity. Intentional destruction, negligence, intensive tourism and uncontrolled economic development, ignorance and poor maintenance threaten much of our cultural heritage and diversity. UNESCO, Wikimedia Sverige and Wikimedia Italia decided to join forces to highlight the importance of preserving cultural heritage through photography, so people can be sensitized to protect heritage, preserve cultural identity and build a common future. UNESCO and Wikimedia believe that the valorization of heritage images and making information available to the public will reduce the risk of losing heritage and help people celebrate, better protect and be proud of their cultural diversity. This exhibition showcases the fragility of our common cultural heritage in all its different forms – utilising the freely licensed Open Access images that are available. These images have been shared by a variety of sources including museums, archives and the general public on Wikimedia Commons, the media site for Wikipedia. On Wikimedia Commons, millions of images are under free license so that everyone has the opportunity to use and adapt them. The collection is maintained and improved by thousands of volunteers. The public can enter photography competitions related to different kinds of cultural heritage including Wiki Loves Monuments for built cultural heritage, Wiki Loves Africa for African intangible cultural heritage and Wiki Loves Earth for natural heritage. For more information, see tinyurl.com/wikiloves. You can get involved on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons and Unite4Heritage. |
Photo by Mohammad Reza Domiri Ganji, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Islamic Republic of Iran: Pasargadae |
Pasargadae was the capital of the first great multicultural empire in Western Asia. Spanning the Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt to the Hindus River, it is considered to be the first empire that respected the cultural diversity of its different peoples. Particularly noteworthy vestiges in the 160-ha site include: the Mausoleum of Cyrus II; Tall-e Takht, a fortified terrace; and a royal ensemble of gatehouse, audience hall, residential palace and gardens. This was reflected in Achaemenid architecture, a synthetic representation of different cultures. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2004. The site faces risks, including erosion resulting from various factors (physical, chemical, environmental, etc.); damage that may result from agriculture or from flooding; excavations that put the archaeological remains at increased risk; and damage caused by vandalism. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Pasargadae” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1106, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
About the Connected Open Heritage project
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The Connected Open Heritage project aims to gather and connect through the Wikimedia projects as much freely licensed Open Access information as possible about threatened cultural heritage. It is building on the work done by volunteers from all over the world. If people and decision-makers can easily access reliable information on the important cultural heritage the probability that it is protected increases. Wikipedia articles will be improved through the addition of official datasets of nationally protected cultural heritage, and with digitized historical images from museums, archives and the general public depicting the heritage. It will be easier than ever to learn more about the world’s cultures. The Connected Open Heritage project partners are Wikimedia Sverige, UNESCO, Wikimedia Italia – together with Gruppo Archeologico Romano and association DecArch – and Cultural Heritage without Borders. The project is financed and supported by the Culture Foundation of the Swedish Postcode Lottery. Learn more about the project: tinyurl.com/ConnectedOpenHeritage |
Photo by Aivaras Ramanauskas, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
Afghanistan: Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam |
The 65 meter tall Minaret of Jam is a graceful, soaring structure, dating back to the 12th century. Covered in elaborate brickwork with a blue tile inscription at the top, it is noteworthy for the quality of its architecture and decoration, which represent the culmination of an architectural and artistic tradition in this region. Its impact is heightened by its dramatic setting, a deep river valley between towering mountains in the heart of the Ghur province. The site is inscribed in the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2002. Erosion of the riverbanks adjacent to the Minaret, any further movement in the level of inclination of the monument along with any degradation in the historic fabric of the site in general need to be monitored. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/211, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Unite4Heritage
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In 2015, in response to the unprecedented attacks on cultural heritage, UNESCO launched the advocacy campaign #Unite4Heritage at the University of Baghdad. In 2019, by establishing partnerships with key stakeholders and strengthening digital communication, #Unite4Heritage is mobilizing a wider public, especially young people, on a truly global level. In 2017, by establishing partnerships with key stakeholders and strengthening digital communication, #Unite4Heritage is mobilizing a wider public, especially young people, on a truly global level. This exhibition, in collaboration with Wikimedia Commons, displays three pillars of the movement: built heritage; intangible cultural heritage; and heritage collections and the fight against illicit trafficking. Since its establishment, UNESCO has been consistently dedicated to the cause of culture and development. Focus has been on coordinating international cooperation, strengthening the ties between nations and societies, and mobilizing the public. The aim is to ensure that every citizen can grow and live in a cultural environment rich in diversity and dialogue, where heritage serves as a bridge between generations and peoples. This exhibition, in collaboration with Wikimedia Commons, will display three themes of the movement: built heritage; intangible cultural heritage; and heritage collections and illicit trafficking, highlighting the spirit of the movement. These themes also represent the work of UNESCO Culture Conventions, including:
Let’s unite for our common heritage and transmit its values to our future generations! |
Photo by Martin St-Amant, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. |
Peru: Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu |
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1983. Tourism represents a double-edged sword to Machu Picchu by providing economic benefits but can also result in cultural and ecological impacts. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/274, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
An exhibition by
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The following organisations have been working in partnership to organise this photo exhibition:
* Wikimedia Sverige is a non-profit association that aim to increase the amount of free knowledge. Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects are the central tools to achieve this aim. The association has been working closely with museums and archives to get their digitized material online and added to the Wikimedia projects for more than 10 years. Wikimedia Sverige is the initiator and project owner for the Connected Open Heritage project. * Wikimedia Italia is the Italian chapter of Wikimedia Foundation Inc. and, as Wikimedia Sverige, has the aim to promote free knowledge at national level through the Wikimedia projects and not only. Within this initiative, Wikimedia Italia cooperated with Gruppo Archeologico Romano and association DecArch for the uploading of images on Wikimedia Commons and it is in charge for the organization of this exhibition. * The Culture Foundation of the Swedish Postcode Lottery provides financial support to charitable projects run by nonprofit organizations and foundations. It is supporting the project through both a grant and expertise. |
Photo by Alaexis, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Uzbekistan: Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz |
The historic centre of Shakhrisyabz contains a collection of exceptional monuments and ancient quarters which bear witness to the city’s secular development, and particularly to the period of its apogee, under the rule of Amir Temur and the Temurids, in the 15th and 16th centuries. The site is inscribed in the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2016, due to over-development of tourist infrastructure in the historic centre. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/885, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Tunisia: Amphitheatre of El Jem
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Photo by Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
The Amphitheatre of El Jem bears outstanding witness to Roman architecture, notably monuments built for spectator events, in Africa. The impressive ruins of the largest colosseum in North Africa, a huge amphitheatre which could hold up to 35,000 spectators, are found in the small village of El Jem. This 3rd-century monument illustrates the grandeur and extent of Imperial Rome. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979. Restoration work carried out over time has not affected the essential functional and structural authenticity of the property. The authenticity of the setting is however threatened by the appearance of new constructions around the amphitheatre. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Amphitheatre of El Jem” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/38, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Uganda: Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
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Photo by notphilatall, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
The Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi constitute a site embracing almost 30 ha of hillside within Kampala district. Most of the site is agricultural, farmed by traditional methods. At its core on the hilltop is the former palace of the Kabakas of Buganda, built in 1882 and converted into the royal burial ground in 1884. It is a major example of an architectural achievement in organic materials, principally wood, thatch, reed, wattle and daub. The site's main significance lies, however, in its intangible values of belief, spirituality, continuity and identity. The site is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2010. The greatest threat to the site is fire and there is a need to develop a detailed Risk Management Plan and Strategy to address this threat and to ensure that site documentation is as complete as possible and securely stored. In order to ensure that the traditional building processes associated with the site are maintained over time, there is an ongoing need to train young educated people in heritage management and conservation. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1022, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Egypt: Abu Mena
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Photo by Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
The church, baptistry, basilicas, public buildings, streets, monasteries, houses and workshops in this early Christian holy city were built over the tomb of the martyr Menas of Alexandria, who died in 296. The site is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2001. The local soil, which is exclusively clay, is hard and capable of supporting buildings when in a dry state, but the rise of the water table can threaten the archaeological structures. The destruction of numerous cisterns, disseminated around the city, has entailed the collapse of several overlying structures. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the articles “Abu Mena” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/90 and "World Heritage Committee Inscribes Two Sites on the the List of World Heritage in Danger" on http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/158, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Syria: Site of Palmyra
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Photo by Associazione DecArch, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
An oasis in the Syrian desert, north-east of Damascus, Palmyra contains the monumental ruins of a great city that was one of the most important cultural centres of the ancient world. From the 1st to the 2nd century, the art and architecture of Palmyra, standing at the crossroads of several civilizations, married Graeco-Roman techniques with local traditions and Persian influences. The site is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2013. The Arch of Triumph in Palmyra was destroyed in 2015 (this photo dates from 1993). |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the articles “Site of Palmyra” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/23 and "UNESCO Director-General condemns destruction of the Tetrapylon and severe damage to the Theatre in Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage site" on http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1620, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Libya: Old Town of Ghadamès
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Photo by Luca Galuzzi, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons |
Ghadamès, known as ‘the pearl of the desert’, stands in an oasis. It is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and an outstanding example of a traditional settlement. Its domestic architecture is characterized by a vertical division of functions: the ground floor used to store supplies; then another floor for the family, overhanging covered alleys that create what is almost an underground network of passageways; and, at the top, open-air terraces reserved for the women. The site is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2016. There is a high level of instability affecting the country, and the presence of armed groups can negatively impact this site. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the articles “Old Town of Ghadamès” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/362 and "Libya’s five World Heritage sites put on List of World Heritage in Danger" on http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1523, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Jordan: Petra
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Photo by Ian McKellar, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Inhabited since prehistoric times, this Nabataean caravan-city, situated between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea, was an important crossroads between Arabia, Egypt and Syria-Phoenicia. Petra is half-built, half-carved into the rock, and is surrounded by mountains riddled with passages and gorges. It is one of the world's most famous archaeological sites, where ancient Eastern traditions blend with Hellenistic architecture. It is inscribed on the World Heritage List since 1985. The monuments are subject to ongoing erosion due to wind and rain, exacerbated in the past by windblown sand due to grazing animals reducing ground cover. They are also vulnerable to flash flooding along Wadi Musa through the winding gorge (Siq) if the Nabataean diversion system is not continually monitored, repaired and maintained. The property is under pressure from tourism, which has increased greatly since the time of inscription. Congestion points include the Siq, which is the main entrance to the city from the east. It is also vulnerable to the infrastructure needs of local communities and tourists. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Petra” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/326, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Nepal: Bhaktapur Durbar Sqaure, Kathmandu Valley
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Photo by Alexander Shafir, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
The cultural heritage of the Kathmandu Valley is illustrated by seven groups of monuments and buildings which display the full range of historic and artistic achievements for which the Kathmandu Valley is world famous. The seven include the Durbar Squares of Hanuman Dhoka (Kathmandu), Patan and Bhaktapur, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Bauddhanath and the Hindu temples of Pashupati and Changu Narayan. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979. The devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake and the aftershocks that followed have heavily damaged the monuments and sites within the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage property, as well as a large number of other cultural sites in the northwestern area of Nepal. The earthquake damaged and destroyed buildings in the Square pictured in this image, which was taken in 2010. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the articles “Kathmandu Valley” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/121 and "UNESCO raises safety concerns on the reopening of Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site" on http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1296, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
India: Group of Monuments at Hampi
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Photo by Nagesh Thota, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
The austere, grandiose site of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries. Conquered by the Deccan Muslim confederacy in 1565, the city was pillaged over a period of six months before being abandoned. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1986. The majority of the monuments are in good state of preservation and conservation. However, maintaining integrity poses significant challenges derived mainly from pressures associated with development, planned and unplanned, which pose a threat to the property, as well as encroachments and changes in land use, especially increased agricultural activity of commercial crops that might threaten the physical stability of the diverse monuments. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Group of Monuments at Hampi” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Yemen: Old Walled City of Shibam
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Italy: Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, its Po Delta
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Photo by Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Ferrara, which grew up around a ford over the River Po, became an intellectual and artistic centre that attracted the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Here, Piero della Francesca, Jacopo Bellini and Andrea Mantegna decorated the palaces of the House of Este. The humanist concept of the 'ideal city' came to life here in the neighbourhoods built from 1492 onwards by Biagio Rossetti according to the new principles of perspective. The completion of this project marked the birth of modern town planning and influenced its subsequent development. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1995. In May 2012, two major earthquakes occurred in northern Italy. This image of 'Sala dell'Aurora' of the Este Castle in Ferrara shows patches that were placed all along the areas where the fresco sustained damage. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/733/, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
United Kingdom: St. Michaels Mount
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Panama: The Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo
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Photo by Jim Williams, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
Magnificent examples of 17th- and 18th-century military architecture, these Panamanian forts on the Caribbean coast form part of the defence system built by the Spanish Crown to protect transatlantic trade. The site is a key element to the understanding of the adaptation of European building models and their impact on the New World transformation during the modern era. This property demonstrates the strategic organization of the territory and represents an important concept of defence and technology development mainly between the 17th and 18th centuries. It is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2012. Environmental factors and uncontrolled urban sprawl and development are among threats to its integrity. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/135, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Chile: Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
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Photo by Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Humberstone and Santa Laura works contain over 200 former saltpeter works where workers from Chile, Peru and Bolivia lived in company towns and forged a distinctive communal pampinos culture. That culture is manifest in their rich language, creativity, and solidarity, and, above all, in their pioneering struggle for social justice, which had a profound impact on social history. Situated in the remote Pampas, one of the driest deserts on Earth, thousands of pampinos lived and worked in this hostile environment for over 60 years, from 1880, to process the largest deposit of saltpeter in the world, producing the fertilizer sodium nitrate that was to transform agricultural lands in North and South America, and in Europe, and produce great wealth for Chile. Because of the vulnerability of the structures and the impact of a recent earthquake, the site was also placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2015, to help mobilize resources for its conservation. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1178, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Cuba: Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios
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Photo by José Porras, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Founded in the early 16th century in honour of the Holy Trinity, the city was a bridgehead for the conquest of the American continent. Its 18th- and 19th-century buildings, such as the Palacio Brunet and the Palacio Cantero, were built in its days of prosperity from the sugar trade. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988. The Valley de los Ingenios is a remarkable testimony to the development of the sugar industry. A living museum of Cuban sugar production, it includes the sites of 75 former cane sugar mills, plantation houses, barracks and other facilities related to this vulnerable industry, which has witnessed a gradual and progressive decline. The historical process of land degradation in the valley, one of the reasons for its decline (along with water shortages), has led to a decrease in the cultivation of sugarcane. |
This text is partly or solely based on the information provided in the article “Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios” on http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/460, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0. |
Mexico: el Día de los Muertos
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Japan: Washi
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South Sudan: Kisra
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Morocco: Jemaa el-Fna Square
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Ecuador: Toquilla straw hat
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Norway: Oselvar
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Iraq: Illegal excavation and looting
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Iraq: Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property
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Mozambique: Illicit trafficking of underwater cultural heritage
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Germany: Role and importance of documentation (importance of inventories)
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Italy: Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
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Syria and Iraq: Illicit trade
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Italian exhibition
Italy: The 2012 earthquake
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