User:Sintegrity/Test
INTRODUCTION edit
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GUIDELINES FOR NEW TERMS edit
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CODE FOR NEW TERMS edit
If you want to add a new term, use this template:
{{openGLAM/Glossary
|term =
|image =
|definition =
|wikidata =
|references =
|wikipedia =
}}
How to fill it:
term = just the term
image = title.extension (only Wikimedia Commons images are supported)
definition = Term (between 3' for bold text) and its explanation.
wikidata = Q#######
references = [link Name]
wikipedia =
Example: [[:be:Дзейнасць|Дзейнасць]] (be) [[: 2-letter-abreviation of the language : Term in wikipedia | Text to be shown ]] space (2-letter-abreviation of the language)
For developers: Template openGLAM
GLOSSARY TERMS edit
A edit
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Access refer to the ability to view a Digital Object or Metadata that is available online.
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Activities refer to the actual or planned actions undertaken by the organisation in order to achieve their organisational goals.
Wikidata: Q1914636 References: Visualization: |
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Aggregator refers to an organisation working with cultural institutions and collectors to gather authentic, trustworthy and robust data. They make this content available to a broader audience via their own services, Europeana and other infrastructures, for example, for education and research. Aggregators work with cultural heritage institutions to gather authentic, trustworthy and robust data and make it accessible through Europeana. Through the Europeana Aggregators' Forum, they work to exchange the knowledge and best practice that supports their work. Explore these pages to find an aggregator. References: |
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Audience is sometimes criticized as a term for communicating a one-way relationship that holds GLAMs in a position of authority with the public as a passive actor, spectator, or receiver of information. In this resource, “audience” carries a more dynamic meaning refers to audiences are participants who hold their own agency and authority.
Wikidata: Q211198 References: Visualization: |
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Author is a legal term used to refer to a person who makes a creative work and first owns the rights associated with it. With a literary work (like a book), the author is the writer. With an artistic work (like a painting), the author is the artist. With music (like a composition), the author is the composer, and so on. It may seem counterproductive to refer to this diverse group of creators as “authors.” But copyright law does not make distinctions among the authors of creative works. (See also Rights holder.)
Wikidata: Q482980 References: Visualization: |
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Breakout rooms refer to isolated sessions that are split off from a main event.
Wikidata: Q115132672 References: Visualization: |
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Capacity building refers to the process of developing and strengthening the skills, instincts, abilities, processes and resources that organisations and communities need to survive, adapt, and thrive in a fast-changing world.
Wikidata: Q1417724 References: Visualization: |
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Change Pathway refers to an impact tool to connect the activities and outputs of an organisation with the outcomes experienced by the stakeholder.
Wikidata: Q115132898 References: Visualization: |
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Collection can refer to a specific set of items bound by a common denominator (e.g., a donor or genus). It is also used to refer to a given GLAM’s entire collection.
Wikidata: Q2668072 References: Visualization: |
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Community is used in open GLAM to describe various networked relationships, localization initiatives, and engagement by volunteers, crowdsourcing, general or specific user-groups (e.g., in Wikipedia and Creative Commons), a given geographic area, and so on. For legal purposes, “community” can also describe a group of diverse and distinct individuals with a shared legal injury, or a group of actors disenfranchised from participating in international legal systems due to their non-state legal status. We acknowledge the oppressive ways in which “community” can be used, and actively resist allowing this word to be co-opted.
Wikidata: Q177634 References: Visualization: |
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Conference refers to an event that can last one to multiple days and consist of the different event types.
Wikidata: Q114834437 References: Visualization: |
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Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) refers to the EU infrastructure programme supporting the establishment of transport, energy and digital infrastructures, under which the Europeana Digital Service Infrastructure is financed from 2014 to August 2022.
Wikidata: Q28137049 References: Visualization: |
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Content refers to a physical or Digital Object that is part of Europe's cultural and/or scientific heritage, typically held by a Data Provider or by a data provider of the Data Partner.
Wikidata: Q12488383 References: Visualization: |
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Controlled digital lending (CDL) is an emerging method that allows libraries to loan print books to digital patrons in a “lend like print” fashion. Through CDL, libraries use technical controls to ensure a consistent “owned-to-loaned” ratio, meaning the library circulates the exact number of copies of a specific title it owns, regardless of format, putting controls in place to prevent users from redistributing or copying the digitized version. When CDL is appropriately tailored to reflect print book market conditions and controls are properly implemented, CDL may be permissible under existing copyright law. CDL is not intended to act as a substitute for existing electronic licensing services offered by publishers. Indeed, one significant advantage of CDL is addressing the “Twentieth Century Problem” of older books still under copyright but unlikely ever to be offered digitally by commercial services. The resources on this site offer libraries an opportunity to: * better understand the legal framework underpinning CDL, * communicate their support for CDL, and * build a community of expertise around the practice of CDL. Wikidata: Q61937323 References: Visualization: |
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Copyright refers to copyright (common law jurisdictions) and authors’ rights (civil law jurisdictions), rather than the wider category of rights falling under the intellectual property umbrella. When appropriate, “IPR” is used to signal rights in addition to copyright, like sui generis rights, performers’ rights, or patents. We generally aim for specificity.
Wikidata: Q1297822 References: Visualization: |
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Copyright office hours is an informal, unrecorded event where participants share thoughts and engage in discussions about practical questions in relation to copyright and digital cultural heritage. A moderator and a special guest with expertise on the topic at hand lead the session, but all participants are given the equal right to participate
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Core Service Platform is part of a Digital Service Infrastructure (funded through procurement), enabling trans-European connectivity and interoperability. For Europeana, this means the set of services that includes the aggregation infrastructure, the collections website, the APIs, interoperability services and capacity-building efforts that enable the digital transformation of the cultural heritage sector
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Cultural heritage is a very loaded term, and some might even contest its use. Here, it is used in the broadest sense possible, even generically, to include scientific, information, data, and other collection types and materials. It also refers to intangible aspects of cultural heritage, like songs, practices, expressions, and dance, which may remain intangible or made “tangible” through its documentation or recording.
Wikidata: Q210272 References: Visualization: |
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Data conveys the wider category of GLAM collections data, like both digitized and born digital images, descriptive data, metadata, paradata, and other materials. For open GLAM, recognizing collections as data is key to unlocking their computational value for purposes like text and data mining, data visualization, mapping, image or audio analysis, network analysis, and machine learning. Also, we’ll use the singular form of data (e.g., “data is” rather than “data are”). For all you data pluralists, just get on board with it now and things will be easier.
Wikidata: Q42848 References: Visualization: |
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Data collection refers to the process of gathering and measuring information in a systematic way (definition drawn from Wikipedia).
Wikidata: Q4929239 References: Visualization: |
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Data Exchange Agreement (DEA) refers to the agreement that governs the exchange of data between Europeana and its Data Partners. The Europeana Data Exchange Agreement (DEA) is the central element of the Europeana Licensing Framework. The DEA structures the relationship between Europeana and its data providers. It establishes two main rules relating to the intellectual property rights (IPR) in the metadata and content delivered to Europeana: * All metadata submitted to Europeana will be published as open data under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero Public Domain Dedication (CC0). * Each digital object (which includes the associated preview) that is available via Europeana needs to carry a rights statement that describes its copyright status and informs the users what they can or cannot do with the digital object. If an underlying material object is in the public domain, its digital surrogate should remain in the public domain. If you have not yet shared your collection data with Europeana, please consult our process for sharing data first. If you are ready to provide data to Europeana and would like to sign the DEA, please consult a preview of the agreement through the PDF below and contact us at dea@europeana.eu to arrange signing. The signing process is quick and easy, and can be completed online using an electronic signature service. |
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Data Partner refers to an organisation that contributes Metadata describing Content that it is offering online. Note refers to This should be used instead of Content Provider or Provider.
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Data statistics dashboard refers to a tool that supports cultural heritage professionals in their work by giving detailed information about the live data in Europeana. It allows users to filter and compare this information to fit their needs
Wikidata: Q1188200 References: Visualization: |
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Dataset refers to an administrative unit representing a suitable amount of data for ingestion.
Wikidata: Q1172284 References: Visualization: |
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Delegate refers to a person in representation of their group or company.
Wikidata: Q994779 References: Visualization: |
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Digital carbon footprint refers to the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by digital services or activities, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent
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Digital Europe Programme (DEP) refers to the EU infrastructure programme focused on building the strategic digital capacities of the EU, under which the Europeana Core Service will be co-financed from September 2022.
Wikidata: Q111448863 References: Visualization: |
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Digital Object refers to a digital representation of an object that is part of Europe's cultural and/or scientific heritage. The Digital Object can also be the original object when born digital.
Wikidata: Q59138870 References: Visualization: |
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Digital surrogates describes digital items of cultural heritage made for archival, reproduction, or other purposes in digital formats (that may or may not exist yet). These digital items can range in quality depending on the purpose of the digitization, the reproduction technologies at hand, or post-production editing processes, and might include digital photographs or scans of 2D and 3D objects and archival materials.
Wikidata: Q112796767 References: Visualization: |
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Digital transformation refers to the process and the result of using digital technology to transform how an organisation operates and delivers value. It helps an organisation to thrive, fulfil its mission and meet the needs of its stakeholders. Explore this definition.
Wikidata: Q4252370 References: Visualization: |
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Digitization refers to the process of converting cultural materials and collections into digital formats.
Wikidata: Q843958 References: Visualization: |
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Economic Impact refers to the results of activities delivering economic benefits to society, stakeholders or to the organisation.
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Editathon (sometimes edit-a-thon) refers to an event where editors of online communities such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap (also as a 'mapathon'), edit and improve a specific topic or type of content.
Wikidata: Q16022392 References: Visualization: |
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The practice of lending an ebook to a borrower for a limited period of time. Unlike controlled digital lending (eLending) is about born-digital works, not digitised material.
Wikidata: Q115132528 Visualization: |
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End-user (or User) refers to a person or entity making use of the services offered by Europeana through the Europeana website, Europeana API, third party services or social networks.
Wikidata: Q528074 References: Visualization: |
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Environmental impact refers to generally referred to as the negative impact caused to the environment (e.g. through carbon emissions from travel) directly or indirectly due to an activity. It may also include positive impact, if changes are made that have a positive effect on the environment.
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Europeana Aggregators’ Forum (EAF) refers to a network of national, domain and thematic aggregators who support cultural institutions providing data and content to Europeana. ***Invite only*** The Europeana ecosystem builds on a network of national, thematic and domain aggregators enabling cultural heritage institutions to share their content with Europeana and open it up to new audiences. The Europeana Aggregators’ Forum (EAF) is the place to coordinate all activities required for the effective functioning of this pan-European cross-domain aggregation ecosystem at operational and strategic level. Accredited aggregators to the Europeana service come together twice a year for the meetings of the EAF. The EAF gets together online for its first meeting in 2021, on 20 and 21 May. On the first day we focus on a number of strategic aspects to shape the aggregation ecosystem. On the second day we will learn about use cases and good practices of AI that can help aggregators to e.g. improve data. References: |
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Europeana APIs refers to a range of services which offer remote discovery and access to the data that is made available on the Europeana website, allowing its use in projects, applications and websites. If you think APIs are just a way of integrating tools and apps, then think again. They can help us to work closer together in research, education and the creative industries than ever before. Europeana APIs allow you to build applications that use the wealth of our collections drawn from the major museums and galleries across Europe. Their scope includes millions of cultural heritage items (from books and paintings to 3D objects and audiovisual material) that celebrate around 4,000 cultural institutions across Europe. References: |
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Europeana Café refers to an informal, unrecorded networking event where a specific topic is being discussed without specific goals or outcomes. Participants are given the equal right to participate. The Europeana Café provides an opportunity for cultural heritage professionals to get to know and inspire each other, to reflect on specific but broadly formulated topics, and to exchange experiences. It aims to encourage and support the informal discussions that would take place at physical events (for example, during coffee or lunch breaks or drinks and dinners) in an online format. Capacity Building is one of the three priorities in Europeana’s strategy for 2020-2025. Currently work is being done on developing a Capacity Building Framework and a strategy for this framework. If ordering and enjoying a coffee is the equivalent of a learning experience, and serving coffee is offering a training or course, then the Capacity Building Framework is the coffee shop - including the menu, staff, training, management, building, interior, user experience, design of ordering a coffee, suppliers, following new trends, and business plan to keep everything running. In this Café, find out how our framework will provide a structure for building capacity, as Sebastiaan ter Burg gives insight in the current status of Europeana’s capacity building framework strategy and, more importantly, how it will or might support you and your work in the future. References: |
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Europeana Data Model (EDM) refers to the data model developed by Europeana that specifies the format of the Metadata that can be submitted, ingested and published via the Europeana website and Europeana API.
Wikidata: Q110672270 References: Visualization: |
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Europeana Digital Service Infrastructure (DSI) refers to the infrastructure that provides the key services of Europeana. DSIs are composed of ‘Core Service Platforms’ and ‘Generic Services’ which link national infrastructures to the Core Service Platforms. Europeana DSI was the first operational cycle of the Europeana Digital Service Infrastructure (DSI). The service was provided by a consortium of 26 partners, coordinated by the Europeana Foundation. The consortium partners worked in close collaboration with domain and national aggregating partners to create a complete, cohesive and integrated Digital Service Infrastructure for cultural heritage. References: |
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Europeana Foundation refers to an independent, non-profit organisation that operates the Europeana platform and contributes to other digital initiatives that put cultural heritage to good use in the world. Europeana Foundation is the operator and leader of the consortium that delivers the Europeana Core Service.
Wikidata: Q111994853 References: Visualization: |
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Europeana Initiative refers to a term used to capture the entirety of the work that the Europeana Foundation (the operator) and partners, the Europeana Aggregators’ Forum and the Europeana Network Association do to deliver the Core Service according to the Europeana strategy.
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Europeana Network Association refers to a strong and democratic community with a mission to expand and improve access to Europe’s digital cultural heritage. The Europeana Network Association (ENA) is a strong and democratic community of experts working in the field of digital cultural heritage. We are united by a shared mission to expand and improve access to Europe's digital cultural heritage. The Association is free to join and we encourage our members to get involved and benefit from all the ENA has to offer. Wikidata: Q46599485 References: Visualization: |
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Europeana Network Association communities refer to special interest communities, where Europeana Network Association members work together to exchange knowledge, expertise and best practice. The Europeana Network Association works together to exchange knowledge, expertise and best practice in seven special interest communities. References: |
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Europeana Semantic Elements (ESE) refer to the first Metadata standard developed by Europeana, now superseded by the Europeana Data Model. ESE is a flat model and metadata about the original object, its web representation and the aggregation are undifferentiated in the element set. EDM enforces the separation of data about these different entities but we cannot automatically tell which property belongs to which class. The default mapping makes some broad assumptions about where the data should go. These decisions may well be sub-optimal for any particular collection of data. For example, dcterms:created may be the date of creation of the original object or the date of digitisation; dc:format may be the format of the original object or the file format of the digital representation. References: |
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Europeana Strategy 2020 - 2025 refers to the direction of travel, set by the European Commission and the DCHE, including the high-level priorities for the period 2020-2025
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Evaluation refers to the process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, effectiveness or value of something (definition drawn from the Cambridge Dictionary). Evaluation is usually part of an impact assessment approach and evaluation can be conducted separately from impact assessment.
Wikidata: Q1379672 References: Visualization: |
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Event types refer to different formats for events. Examples are webinars, round table sessions and ignite talks
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Expert Group on Digital Cultural Heritage and Europeana (DCHE) refers to a forum for cooperation on digitisation, conservation and preservation of cultural heritage between the European Commission, Member States and UNESCO. The group reviews and discusses policies for digital cultural heritage and the upcoming initiative for a common European data space. Furthermore, the expert group will contribute with advice and will help monitor the implementation of the Recommendation on a common European data space for cultural heritage adopted on 10 November 2021. The expert group succeeds the Expert Group on Digital Cultural Heritage and Europeana (DCHE). Find out more.
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Fair use / Fair dealing refer to the legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from the copyright holder. Fair use / fair dealing is one of the limitations to copyright intended to balance the interests of copyright holders with the public interest in the wider distribution and use of creative works by allowing as a defense to copyright infringement claims certain limited uses that might otherwise be considered infringement.
Wikidata: Q427047 Visualization: |
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Freedom of panorama refers to the possibility to publish pictures of works, mainly works of architecture or sculpture (but sometimes also other types of works such as literary or artistic works), made to be located permanently in public places, as an exception to the rights of reproduction and communication to the public.
Wikidata: Q918113 Visualization: |
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Freely Reusable Content refers to digital Objects that are available for reuse with minimal or no conditions, specifically those objects labelled Public Domain, CC0, CC-BY and CC-BY-SA
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Generic Services refer to projects aimed at supporting the Core Service Platform. Generic Services are financed through grants. Proposals may be submitted by consortia composed of a minimum of three organisations based in three different Member States and/or EEA countries participating in the CEF programme
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GLAM is traditionally used to refer to Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums. While this term is imperfect and underinclusive, no alternative is put forward. Instead, GLAM is used as shorthand and intended to encompass anyone within the scope of activities discussed in this resource, including private or commercial organizations and owners involved in the reproduction and management of cultural heritage, as well as individuals and users.
Wikidata: Q1030034 References: Visualization: |
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Good practice conveys “best practice” while recognizing it can have a limited lifespan or applicability. Best practices should be (and often are) continuously revisited and revised according to new information and better methods.
Wikidata: Q830382 References: Visualization: |
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Hackathon refers to a competitive event which can take the form of a marathon or sprint. It involves computer programmers, software engineers and related professionals/students collaborating and/or competing on software projects.
Wikidata: Q46855 References: Visualization: |
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Ignite talks refer to short presentations (around minutes) with limited interaction possibilities with the audience
Wikidata: Q3148252 References: Visualization: |
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Impact refers to changes that occur for stakeholders or in society as a result of activities (for which the organisation is accountable).
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Impact assessment refers to a research activity to understand if activities lead or contribute to the changes (short and long-term outcomes, impact) designed for stakeholders.
Wikidata: Q6005872 References: Visualization: |
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Impact Design refers to the documentation of the key elements taken from the design phase (Phase one) of the Impact Playbook. This relates to either designing an impactful activity and/or its impact assessment.
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Impact narration refers to the process of telling the story of the impact created through activities
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Impact Playbook refers to the primary resource, methodology and tool of the Europeana Impact Framework (EIF). The Impact Playbook is in four stages refer to design, measurement, narration and evaluation.
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Impact Toolkit refers to resources and tools developed in the Europeana Impact Framework (EIF), including the Impact Playbook and its complementary resources.
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Indicator refers to a metric that indicates if and to what extent a programme or activity is contributing towards the anticipated outcomes
Wikidata: Q3695082 References: Visualization: |
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Ingestion refers to the process of collecting, transforming, enriching, normalising and publishing the data from the Data Partner to Europeana. In the Europeana Cloud project we aimed to ingest a great variety of data with special relevance to scholars and the Humanities and Social Sciences, i.e. the core target audience of Europeana Research. In a previous blogpost, I highlighted some examples of data sets that we ingested in this context. In addition, the project ingested a wide range of materials which enhanced the existing Europeana dataset, and reflects Europe’s linguistic and cultural diversity. Valuable scholarly metadata (a total of over 2.4 million items) was sourced from institutions as diverse as the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Hungarian University of Debrecen, and the Bavarian Library Consortium. Languages featured include Czech, Dutch, German, English, French, Italian, Latin, Russian, Greek and Hungarian. The datasets cover a great variety of materials, including digitised maps, manuscripts, incunabula, archival materials, pamphlets, playbills, dissertations and journals, as well as visual materials such as portraits, architectural drawings, photographs, images of plaster casts, films and video. Topics covered include (in no particular order) political studies, economics, law, philology, linguistics, psychology, education, history, Judaic studies, philosophy, religion, theatre studies, history of fencing, folklore, architecture, geography, literature, Egyptology, medieval history, etc. References: |
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Innovation literally means “the action or process of innovating,” but it increasingly appears as a buzz-word among technology initiatives with extractive capitalist and Neo-liberal goals. In this resource, we’ll use it for various reasons refer to to push back against this narrative and the harm such initiatives cause; to describe even the smallest innovative acts that may be purely experimental or go unnoticed; to encourage owners to look beyond the low-hanging of copyright in reproduction media when innovating around the public domain; and to illustrate how IPR can impede new innovations, along with new knowledge generation and creativity.
Wikidata: Q174165 References: Visualization: |
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Innovation Impact refers to the results of activities that represent or enable innovation.
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refers to Intellectual Property Rights including, but not limited to copyrights, related (or neighbouring) rights and database rights.
Wikidata: Q108855835 References: Visualization: |
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Intended Learning Outcomes define what a learner will have acquired and will be able to do upon successfully completing a specific training session or training course. Intended Learning Outcomes are expressed from the learners’ perspective and are measurable, achievable and assessable.
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Labels are informative statements that communicate the rights or permissions status of a work (e.g., “In Copyright”). These are not enforceable in a court of law. The onus remains on users to ensure reuse is compliant with IP law. (See also Licenses and Tools.)
Wikidata: Q658349 References: Visualization: |
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Licenses are legally enforceable mechanisms that allow a rights holder to grant permissions for the use and distribution of a work. (See also Labels and Tools.)
Wikidata: Q79719 References: Visualization: |
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Linked Open Data refers to published, structured data that allows it to be connected and enriched, so that different representations of the same resources can be found, and links made between related resources.
Wikidata: Q18692990 References: Visualization: |
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Measurements refer to the way we determine the quantity, dimensions or amount of the impact of our activities.
Wikidata: Q12453 References: Visualization: |
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Metadata refers to data about digital media, which might be automatically generated, manually created, and/or embedded in using collections data, for example, from the digital asset management system (DAMS). It might include basic descriptive data on the file, the artwork, the institution, etc., in addition to other information stored with the digital file. There are a number of metadata schemas used across the GLAM sector to order and record the various information that might accompany a digital file. Related to metadata, paradata will include the process by which a digital file has been created or modified.
Wikidata: Q180160 References: Visualization: |
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Metadata Field refers to a single element of a Metadata Record describing the Digital Object. e.g. refers to 'edm refers toProvider' is the Metadata Field that is used to describe the Aggregator of the digital object.
Wikidata: Q2722260 References: Visualization: |
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Metadata Mapping refers to an expression of rules to convert structured data from one format or model to another, such as EDM.
Wikidata: Q59163916 References: Visualization: |
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Metadata Record refers to the information that makes up an entry in Europeana, typically comprising a title, description and other information about a Digital Object.
Wikidata: Q59163959 References: Visualization: |
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Network analysis refers to the analysis of social structures in terms of nodes (those people or objects under investigation) and the links (the connections between them). The findings are most often represented in a sociogram.
Wikidata: Q4417999 References: Visualization: |
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Open refers to a policy or practice that allows reuse and redistribution of materials for any purpose, including commercial. Prohibitions of commercial reuse disqualify a policy or practice from being characterized as open. A number of international initiatives rely on this meaning of open to define data reuse, including the Open Knowledge Foundation.
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Open GLAM refers to the movement. Open GLAM relates to and overlaps with other open initiatives, like open access, open science, open source, or open innovation. (See also OpenGLAM.)
Wikidata: Q17073125 References: Visualization: |
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OpenGLAM refers to a group (note the lack of spacing between “Open” and “GLAM”). OpenGLAM is the specific group of people and organizations (with a new website!) supporting the open GLAM movement. (See also open GLAM.)
Wikidata: Q17073125 References: Visualization: |
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Open mic session refers to an event where anybody is welcomed to take the stage to present, discuss or perform.
Wikidata: Q256869 References: Visualization: |
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Operational Impact refers to the results of activities that have led to an improvement or refinement of internal processes to the organisation delivering the activities.
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Orphan work refers to a creative work that may or may not be protected by copyright, but which cannot be conclusively determined due to various missing information. This might be the identity or location of the author or rights holder (if different) to request reuse permissions if in-copyright, or even the date of creation, publication or the author’s death, which may be necessary to determine the public domain status of the work. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines orphan works as “copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or even impossible to locate.” But there are also a lot of works that are in copyright purgatory, in that they might be in the public domain but not enough information is known to make that determination.
Wikidata: Q1546053 References: Visualization: |
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Out-of-commerce work is a work that is still protected by copyright but is no longer commercially available because the author(s) and publisher(s) have decided neither to publish new editions nor to sell copies through the customary channels of commerce.
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Outcome refers to an actual or intended change experienced by the stakeholder through their engagement with (an organisation’s) activities
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Outputs refer to the tangible, quantifiable and measurable products and services delivered by activities.
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Owner refers to the possessor of, for example, a material object and/or a digital surrogate in this resource. It is helpful to distinguish “owner” from “rights holder,” because the owner may not own the IPR associated with the material object or digital surrogate. This is often the case with cultural heritage institutions, which steward creative works made by authors who have either retained the IPR or transferred it to another party (i.e., the rights holder), unless the IPR has expired. (See also Rights holder.)
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Panel discussion refers to a moderator-led event where several speakers discuss a pre-defined topic.
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Parallel sessions refer to events that take place simultaneously.
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Physical event refers to an event where people gather physically to one location to participate in the event
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Plenary events refer to events where all participants are in the same room.
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Policy office hours refers to an informal, unrecorded event where participants engage in discussions about a specific policy area related to copyright and digital cultural heritage. Participants are given the equal right to participate
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Presentation refers to activity where someone describes, shows or explains something to a group of people.
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Preview is a reduced size or length audio and/or visual representation of Content, in the form of one or more images, text files, audio files and/or moving image files
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Problem Statement refers to a brief description of the problem that the activities of the organisation seek to address.
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Public domain refers to the category of works for which IPR has expired. In other words, no IP laws prohibit their reuse, although other restrictions may apply. Importantly, this does not refer to the “physical” public domain, which is commonly used to describe something made publicly available (e.g., “That information is in the public domain.”). A work may be in the physical public domain, yet remain protected by IPR – thus preventing it from being in the intellectual public domain. GLAMs are also quasi-public spaces, so let’s just table and avoid the concept of the physical public domain altogether.
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Remix is both an action and a process. It refers to taking media and altering or incorporating it into a new work, but it can also be an important action-based method for creative and critical interrogation. Put another way, “remix challenges our cultural beliefs about authorship and ownership; passive consumption and active participation; creativity, critique, and claim.”undefined
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Reproduction media describes the breadth of media, digital and material, in existence and generated over decades of (or centuries) stewardship. This might include refers to material surrogates and associated data and documentation; digital surrogates in 2D or 3D formats, any component parts, and media generated during reproduction, like metadata, paradata, software, or code; and emerging and future formats made via technological advancement.
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Reuse refers to the ability to make use of a Digital Object or Metadata that is available online, through the acts of sharing, copying, researching, displaying, modifying or publishing.
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Rights holder is a legal term used to refer to a person who holds the IPR in a creative work. This may or may not be the author. The author is the first owner of the IPR, but may assign some or all rights to a third party during their lifetime. Those retained by the author will transfer to an heir upon their death. (See also Author and Owner.)
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Rights Statement refers to a statement that describes the conditions for Access and Reuse of Digital Objects and their Thumbnails. In Europeana.eu the term Rights Statement encompasses Creative Commons Licences, Creative Commons Tools and Rights Statements by RightsStatements.org. Rights statements are communicated via the ‘edm refers torights' Metadata Field as defined by the Europeana Data Model.
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Roundtable refers to an event where a specific topic, with communicated intended outcomes, is being discussed by a limited group of people with the goal to reach a shared conclusion.
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Screenplay refers to a structured list of actions needed to deliver a workshop or complete a task described in the Europeana Impact Playbook
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Social Impact refers to the result of activities that lead to stakeholders and wider society being affected and changed in a beneficial fashion.
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Stakeholder refers to a person, group, community, or organisation expected to experience a change (that is, to benefit in some way from an organisation’s work). In the impact design phase, activities and impact assessments are designed around stakeholders.
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Sub-group of the Expert Group on Digital Cultural Heritage and Europeana (DCHE) refers to the sub-group provides the DCHE with advice on certain aspects of the Europeana Digital Service Infrastructure, such as Europeana’s general objectives, governance, strategic priorities, evolution and sustainability. The sub-group on Europeana has 12 members refer to eight members appointed following an open call for applications and four members appointed by nominations of Member States.
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Task Force refers to an instrument used throughout the Europeana Initiative designed to help solve specific issues and challenges affecting the digital heritage field in a short term. This Task Force aimed to build capacity for digital transformation across Europeana. It was a joint Task Force from the Europeana Foundation, Europeana Network Association and Europeana Aggregators’ Forum. The Task Force took on the task of producing an action plan for adoption across Europeana Initiative stakeholders. Members recognised the need for a united approach and a clear plan of action to help us understand how to harness the potential that digital transformation offers. Wikidata: Q1637368 References: Visualization: |
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Text and data mining (TDM) is the process of deriving information from machine-read material. It works by copying large quantities of material, extracting the data, and recombining it to identify patterns.
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The 20th century black hole is a term first used by librarians in order to describe the effect that copyright law has on making cultural heritage available online.
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Thumbnail refers to a reduced and/or low resolution version of the Digital Object, normally limited by pixel dimensions, commonly used as the basis of the Preview.
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Tier is a scenario for sharing collections with Europeana, based on what Data Partners want and are able to provide. For every tier there is a set of requirements that the data need to adhere to
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Tools refer to two Creative Commons mechanisms (i.e., marks or tags) that can be used to communicate the public domain status of a work. The CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0) tool is a waiver of copyright that dedicates the work to the worldwide public domain and acts as a fallback license in countries that do not permit waiver. The Public Domain Mark (PDM) tool is designed for informational purposes to communicate the worldwide public domain status of a work. The person or institution applying the PDM does not hold rights to the work, but can say with some degree of certainty that the work is in the public domain around the world. Tools are not licenses. (See also Licenses and Labels.)
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Traditional Knowledge (TK) (and Traditional Cultural Expression) is a legal and cultural heritage term that lacks an international definition, but is described by WIPO as “knowledge, know-how, skills and practices that are developed, sustained and passed on from generation to generation within a community, often forming part of its cultural or spiritual identity,” and, in particular, the “knowledge resulting from intellectual activity in a traditional context,” including “innovations.”undefined Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) refers to the forms in which traditional culture may be expressed, like music, dance, art, performances, or ceremonies, and is key to a cultural identity.undefined This resource’s use of these terms extends to contemporary and ongoing forms of traditional knowledge that occur outside of traditional contexts.undefined We may also use “traditional knowledge” to refer to both TK and TCE, unless it is important to clarify TCE independently.
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Training refers to an activity of teaching someone a new skill, competency or knowledge with established, communicated and validated intentional learning outcomes.
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Training course refrs to multiple Training sessions in a particular field or profession
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Training resource refers to a document that can be used for training activities. This can be a web page, text document, video, presentation, quiz, etc or a combination of these.
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Training session is a single event where people gather for Training purposes
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Transcribathon refers to an event in which the public is engaged in transcribing, annotating and georeferencing Europeana’s collection of digitised items - particularly handwritten materials - amassed from libraries, archives and museums from all across Europe.
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User generated content (UGC) refers to content (images, text, videos, audio, etc.) created by fans and other users, often through adapting or remixing existing content and sharing it on online platforms.
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User (or End-user) refers to a person or entity making use of the services offered by Europeana through the Europeana website, Europeana API, third party services or social networks.
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Visitor refrs to a natural or legal person who visits the website, including Users when they are not using the service
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Web harvesting (also known as web scraping) is the process of data collection from target web pages by specialized programs or software. This software may directly access the World Wide Web using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or a web browser. While web scraping can be done manually by a software user, the term typically refers to automated processes implemented using a bot or web crawler. It is a form of copying in which specific data is gathered and copied from the web, typically into a central local database or spreadsheet, for later retrieval or analysis.
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Webinar refers to an event where one speaker or a small group of speakers present with limited audience interaction.
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Web scraping (also known as web harvesting) is the process of data collection from target web pages by specialized programs or software. This software may directly access the World Wide Web using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or a web browser. While web scraping can be done manually by a software user, the term typically refers to automated processes implemented using a bot or web crawler. It is a form of copying in which specific data is gathered and copied from the web, typically into a central local database or spreadsheet, for later retrieval or analysis.
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Work refers to an output. Sometimes the work is creative and will attract copyright; sometimes it’s not and will be in the public domain from the moment of creation.
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Working Group refers to an instrument used throughout the Europeana Initiative to address ongoing activities and issues of continuing relevance within the Europeana Network Association and the Europeana Aggregators’ Forum.
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Workshop refers to a participatory event with clear outcomes and can be used as a formal training session. A workshop is led by a facilitator and supported with instructional material and/or equipment.
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