Help:Namespace

This page is outdated. Please see Help:Namespaces on MediaWiki.org for more up to date informations.

Page titles in MediaWiki are composed of two parts: an optional namespace name, and the remainder of the title. For example, this page has the title Help:Namespace, so it is in the Help namespace. A title without a colon, for example Goings-on, is in the main namespace.

By default, a wiki using the MediaWiki software has 18 namespaces, including:

• the main namespace, where page names have no prefix
• 15 additional namespaces, each with its own prefix. (Two namespaces, the so-called 'project' namespaces, get their names from the name of the wiki project, and so differ in name from one wiki to the next; on the Wikipedia, they are called Wikipedia: and Wikipedia talk:. On each wiki, these project namespaces (whatever they may happen to be for that wiki), can be referred to by the pseudonyms "Project:" and "Project Talk:", respectively.)
• two virtual namespaces

In addition to these 18 namespaces, the Wikipedia specially adds to these the Portal: and Portal talk: namespaces. Other wiki projects may have their own additional custom namespaces.

But take note:

• Namespace prefixes should not be confused with prefixes for interwiki linking.
• If a page title contains a colon, but the initial part of the title is not one of the pre-defined namespaces, that page is considered to be in the main namespace.

Namespace uses

Namespaces allow, among other things, a separation of content from policy and discussion. They encourage separation of the pages of a wiki into a core set intended for public viewing, and private information intended for the editing community.

The core set is the main namespace. Other namespaces that are also useful to viewers are:

• the image namespace (with the full-size images)
• the category namespace (for navigation)
• the help pages and the preferences page (as far as they concern viewing)

By default, searches and the random page feature are restricted to the main namespace, thus the user interface is directed towards readers who are not part of the community. Note that this separation of community and readership is not a feature of many wiki engines. It may not be required for your editing community. You are always free to put discussion and policy in the main namespace, if you desire.

On most Wikimedia wikis, pages in the main namespace and a few other ones are actively policed by the community, with inappropriate content being quickly removed. The rules for the other namespaces are generally more relaxed.

• Special:Allpages can be applied to a namespace of choice

From MediaWiki 1.5 Recent changes ditto.

• Searching can be restricted to any subset of namespaces

User contributions can show all or be restricted to a namespace of choice.

The subpage feature can be enabled for selected namespaces.

It is possible to customize the visual appearance of pages and the appearance and function of templates based on namespace. See sections Template programming and CSS based namespace detection below.

List of namespaces

The two virtual namespaces, main namespace and 15 auxiliary namespaces in this project (Meta) are as follows (the variables for them are also shown).

Variables	Alternate syntax	Name, linked to list of all such pages	Number of pages	Notes
{{ns:-2}}	{{ns:media}}	"Media"		virtual namespace for images and other files themselves, as opposed to the image description pages; see also below
{{ns:-1}}	{{ns:special}}	"Special"		virtual namespace for special pages (list: Special:SpecialPages)
{{ns:0}}		main	disabled	main namespace, no prefix, or optionally a colon (this is needed when using the page as template)
{{ns:1}}	{{ns:talk}}	Talk	disabled	see Help:Talk page for this and the following odd-numbered namespaces
{{ns:2}}	{{ns:user}}	User	disabled	registered users (list: Special:ListUsers) have a user homepage User:username (linked to by the system from user names in lists of edits, e.g. on page histories, and from signatures on talk pages); this and subpages of it can be used to present oneself, for project-related bookmarks, and for drafts, tests, and other working material. One can put here material to give oneself one-step access to it from any page in the same project, and one can put here links to give oneself two-step access to the link targets from any page in the same project as the user page. For users who do not log in, the same applies, with the IP as username. Dynamic IPs are a complication.
{{ns:3}}	{{ns:user_talk}}	User talk	disabled
{{ns:4}}	{{ns:project}}	Meta	disabled	the project namespace for matters about the project, such as guidelines and discussions; see also the [[Help:|Help:]] namespace
{{ns:5}}	{{ns:project_talk}}	Meta talk	disabled
{{ns:6}}	{{ns:file}}	File	disabled	images and other uploaded files, with image description pages (list: Special:ListFiles)
{{ns:7}}	{{ns:file_talk}}	File talk	disabled
{{ns:8}}	{{ns:mediawiki}}	MediaWiki	disabled	system messages (list: Special:AllMessages), editable by users, or if protected, by sysops
{{ns:9}}	{{ns:mediawiki_talk}}	MediaWiki talk	disabled
{{ns:10}}	{{ns:template}}	Template	disabled	the default namespace for templates: the wikitext code {{name }} refers to and includes the page Template:name
{{ns:11}}	{{ns:template_talk}}	Template talk	disabled
{{ns:12}}	{{ns:help}}	Help	disabled	typically used for the MediaWiki User's Guide, with the wikitext a frequently refreshed copy of the master version on Meta-Wikipedia, but with project-specific templates
{{ns:13}}	{{ns:help_talk}}	Help talk	disabled
{{ns:14}}	{{ns:category}}	Category	disabled	each page (list: Special:Categories) represents a category of pages, with each category page displaying a list of pages in that category and optional additional text.
{{ns:15}}	{{ns:category_talk}}	Category talk	disabled

Note that all characters of namespace prefixes are case-insensitive, so one can write, for example, "mediawiki". Also, underscores in namespace prefixes are equivalent to any non-zero number of spaces (leading or trailing spaces or underscores are ignored) : underscores are used only when encoding URLs but treated otherwise like spaces.

These names are set in the MessagesXX.php language files. The English defaults are below:

$namespaceNames = array(
    NS_MEDIA            => 'Media',
    NS_SPECIAL          => 'Special',
    NS_MAIN                => '',
    NS_TALK                => 'Talk',
    NS_USER             => 'User',
    NS_USER_TALK        => 'User_talk',
    # NS_PROJECT set by $wgMetaNamespace
    NS_PROJECT_TALK     => '$1_talk',
    NS_FILE             => 'File',
    NS_FILE_TALK        => 'File_talk',
    NS_MEDIAWIKI        => 'MediaWiki',
    NS_MEDIAWIKI_TALK   => 'MediaWiki_talk',
    NS_TEMPLATE         => 'Template',
    NS_TEMPLATE_TALK    => 'Template_talk',
    NS_HELP             => 'Help',
    NS_HELP_TALK        => 'Help_talk',
    NS_CATEGORY         => 'Category',
    NS_CATEGORY_TALK    => 'Category_talk',
);

Generic namespace names

On the column "Alternate syntax" in the table at the beginning of the previous section, a list of project-independent namespace names (also called generic namespace names) is shown in the form of {{ns:namespace name}}, the same as those on Meta and the English Wikipedia, except that "Meta" and "Wikipedia" are replaced by "Project". The prefixes are the terms listed, followed by a colon. Like any namespace name, a project-independent namespace name is case-insensitive.

The prefix "Project:" is for every project automatically converted to the project namespace, e.g. try the link Project:xyz. It is like a piped link. Therefore a page name starting with "Project:" is not possible (unless, of course, that is the name of the project).

Similarly the other project-independent namespace prefixes are also automatically converted to the project-specific ones.

An exception to the rule that the link label is the name used in the wikitext and not the converted name, applies if the target of a redirect is expressed using a project-independent namespace name: in that case the converted name is shown on the redirect page, compare [1] with the preview of [2].

Other namespace aliases

On some wikis there are also other namespace aliases (again case-insensitive):

• on the English Wikipedia:
  • wp for Wikipedia, try e.g. w:wp:a
  • wt for Wikipedia talk, try e.g. w:wt:a

A namespace alias cannot be equal to an interwiki prefix. For example, a wiki community cannot decide to set "tt" as alias for "Template talk" as long as it wants to keep its use as interwiki prefix for the corresponding Tatar wiki, try tt:a.

See also mw:Manual:$wgNamespaceAliases.

Prefixes in various languages

For Wikimedia projects this project prefix is "Wikipedia:", "Wiktionary:", "Wikibooks:", "Wikisource:", "Wikiquote:" and "Meta:". In languages other than English, the Wikipedia project has its own prefixes: in French "Wikipédia:", in Czech "Wikipedie:", in Russian "Википедия:", in Korean "위키백과:", in Hindi "विकिपीडिया:", in Hebrew ":ויקיפדיה" and in Arabic ":ويكيبيديا". The last two are RTL languages which put the prefixes on the right. In URLs the prefixes are always on the left.

To check which prefix is used in a project, you may edit and preview a page in the project to render the variable {{ns:Project}} (and cancel the edit after the check), though what you will see is deprived of a colon. Another way: visiting any project page there, you will find it at the left (in LTR languages) or the right (in RTL languages) of the page title. This applies even for non-existing pages, so, in view of the conversion explained in the previous section, you can use a URL like http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:A. Also you may go to a project page of a target language from a project page of a language familiar to you (e.g. en:Wikipedia:Contact us) by clicking an interlanguage link, if applicable. "Talk", "User", "Image" and combinations can also be translated in the case of non-English wikis.

Colon in page name

Adding a colon to a page name does not automatically create a new namespace. To see the namespace of a page, use {{NAMESPACE}} which returns the namespace. For this page it returns "Help". The same code would return an empty string for a page in the main namespace. Similarly, {{PAGENAME}} returns the page name without prefix. For this page it returns "Namespace". {{FULLPAGENAME}} returns both namespace and pagename; for this page, that is "Help:Namespace".

To take some examples from Wiktionary: Wiktionary:FAQ has Talk page Wiktionary talk:FAQ, but Wiktionary Appendix:Colours has Talk page Talk:Wiktionary Appendix:Colours, because the first is in the project preface namespace and the second is not. In Special:Allpages, accordingly, the first is, unlike the second, not in the list of articles, but in the page list of the namespace Wiktionary.

Special namespace

Main article: Help:Special page

The namespace "Special:" consists of "special pages", which are created by the software on demand, for example Special:Recentchanges.

Custom namespaces

For instructions on creating a custom namespace or for more information, see Help:Custom namespaces.

A project can have additional namespaces. For example, if a single project is multilingual (as opposed to the case of sister projects, each in one language) there may be a namespace Help and also a namespace Hilfe:, for help pages in the English and German language, respectively.

A list of all namespaces is in the dropdown menus of Special:Prefixindex, Special:Allpages, Special:Recentchanges, and "My contributions". With the Query extension a list including also the numbers of the namespaces is given by {{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/api.php?action=query&meta=siteinfo&siprop=namespaces , for this project https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&meta=siteinfo&siprop=namespaces .

Custom namespaces are numbered from 100. See m:Help:MediaWiki help policy for a list of custom namespaces on Meta.

Template programming

Templates can automatically detect namespaces and thus change how they look or what they do, depending on what type of page they are used on. They can do this by using magic words such as {{NAMESPACE}} and parser functions such as {{#ifeq:}}.

The English Wikipedia has several meta-templates that make it easy to detect namespaces. Then you don't have to handle magic words and parser functions in your own template code. Or you can use them as code examples to learn how to do it. Here are two of them:

• {{main other}} – A very easy to use one. There are several variants of this one for different needs.
• {{namespace detect}} – The very versatile one.

If you copy these templates to another language Wikipedia or other Wikimedia project, then read the section "Copying to other projects?" in their documentation.

CSS based namespace detection

When MediaWiki renders a page it adds some CSS classes in the HTML body tag to indicate the namespace of the page. This can be used in CSS code to detect namespace. For instance for this page the body tag looks like this:

<body class="mediawiki ltr ns-12 ns-subject page-Help_Namespace skin-monobook">

The "ns-12" class indicates that this is a "Help:" page. And the "ns-subject" class indicates that this is a subject page, that is not a talk page and not a "Special:" page.

Class	Description
ns--1, ns-special	All "Special:" pages, see Special:SpecialPages. Note the double dashes in "ns--1".
ns-0 - ns-999	Each of the namespaces, such as ns-0 (main), ns-1 (Talk) and so on.
ns-subject	Pages in all subject namespaces, that is all even namespaces. Such as ns-0 (main), ns-2 (User) and so on. Not talk pages and not "Special:" pages.
ns-talk	All talk pages, that is all uneven namespaces. Such as ns-1 (Talk), ns-3 (User talk) and so on.

This can be used in CSS code to detect namespace and change looks of something or even hide it based on what type of page the object is shown on. For instance like this:

.ns-subject .somebox {   /* Green border when on subject pages. */
    border: 1px solid #00FF00;
}
.ns-talk .somebox {   /* Blue border when on talk pages. */
    border: 1px solid #0000FF;
}

The English Wikipedia uses this to change the colour of the pages based on namespace. See the lines with ".ns-0" in MediaWiki:Monobook.css.

See also

• Namespace (list of custom namespaces)
• Help:System message
• Help:Talk page
• Help:Template
• Help:Namespace manager planned for a future MediaWiki version
• Transwiki, a cross-project pseudo-namespace
• Help:Magic words
• Manual:Using custom namespaces

Links to other help pages

Help contents

Meta · Wikinews · Wikipedia · Wikiquote · Wiktionary · Commons: · Wikidata · MediaWiki · Wikibooks · Wikisource · MediaWiki: Manual · Google

Versions of this help page (for other languages see further)

What links here on Meta or from Meta · Wikipedia · MediaWiki

Reading

Go · Search · Stop words · Namespace · Page name · Section · Backlinks · Redirect · Category · Image page · Special pages · Printable version

Tracking changes

Recent changes (enhanced) | Related changes · Watching pages · Diff · Page history · Edit summary · User contributions · Minor edit · Patrolled edit

Logging in and preferences

Logging in · Preferences · User style

Editing

Starting a new page · Advanced editing · Editing FAQ · Edit toolbar · Export · Import · Shortcuts · Edit conflict · Page size

Referencing

Links · URL · Piped links · Interwiki linking · Footnotes

Style and formatting

Wikitext examples · CSS · Reference card · HTML in wikitext · Formula · List · Table · Sorting · Colors · Images and file uploads

Fixing mistakes

Show preview · Testing · Reverting edits

Advanced functioning

Expansion · Template · Advanced templates · Parser function · Parameter default · Variable · System message · Substitution · Array · Calculation · Embed page

Others

Special characters · Renaming (moving) a page · Preparing a page for translation · Talk page · Signatures · Sandbox · Legal issues for editors