วิกิพีเดียเชิงนามธรรม/Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

abstract (อังกฤษ: abstract)

not in a specific natural language but abstracting from it; aiming to provide a notation for the meaning behind natural language texts, sentences, or phrases. The opposite of concrete.

AbstractText (อังกฤษ: AbstractText)

prototype implementation of the Wikifunctions idea.

abstract content (อังกฤษ: abstract content)

see content.

วิกิพีเดียเชิงนามธรรม (อังกฤษ: Abstract Wikipedia)

preliminary name of all the Content that can be used by local Wikipedias to render an article in natural language; currently proposed to live in Wikidata next to the corresponding Item, but that will be discussed before Part P2 of the development project.

alias (อังกฤษ: alias)

an alternative label for an object, used foremost to find the object.

บทความ (อังกฤษ: article)

a page in the main namespace of Wikipedia, usually representing one entry in Wikipedia.

B

built-in (อังกฤษ: built-in)

a native implementation of a function that is provided by the evaluator and that is not editable through the wiki interface.

C

call (อังกฤษ: call)

see function call. In English, the term invoke or invocation may also be used.

canonical, canonicalized, canonicalised (อังกฤษ: canonical, canonicalized, canonicalised)

a specific, less verbose and thus more readable way to represent ZObjects in JSON; it is the usual representation ZObjects are stored in Wikifunctions. This is opposed to normal.

car (อังกฤษ: car)

alternative name of head; see CAR and CDR in Wikipedia. See also cdr.

cdr (อังกฤษ: cdr)

alternative name for tail; see CAR and CDR in Wikipedia. See also car.

character (อังกฤษ: character)

a character as defined by Unicode, a constituent of a String; a character can consist of several bytes (or octets).

composition (อังกฤษ: composition)

a form of implementation of a function, where the implementation is given by the combination of other functions; see Function model.

composition notation (อังกฤษ: composition notation)

an easy-to-read notation for compositions; see Function model.

concrete (อังกฤษ: concrete)

in a specific natural language. The opposite of abstract.

cons (อังกฤษ: cons)

a function to create a new list by adding an element at the top of it; see phab:T261474. See cons in Wikipedia.

constructor (อังกฤษ: constructor)

an abstract building block of content; a constructor aims to capture the meaning of a single phrase or sentence structure and often has slots that can take other constructors, and can itself be used as a value to fill the slots of other constructors.

content, abstract content (อังกฤษ: content, abstract content)

abstract representation of a text or text fragment, assembled from constructors. Technically, an instantiated constructor. The top level constructor is used to represent a whole article and stored in Abstract Wikipedia, but content can be also for just a sentence or phrase. Sometimes called abstract content.

curried, curry, currying (อังกฤษ: curried, curry, currying)

A curried function is a function that was translated from taking multiple arguments into a sequence of functions, each with a single argument. This technique is named after the American mathematician Haskell Curry. See Currying in Wikipedia.

D

deserialization (อังกฤษ: deserialization)

Opposite of serialization.

development project (อังกฤษ: development project)

a project to develop Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia; see Abstract Wikipedia plan.

เอกสารประกอบ (อังกฤษ: documentation)

human-readable text explaining an object.

E

eneyj (อังกฤษ: eneyj)

1. prototype model of Wikifunctions;
2. a JavaScript implementation of an evaluator of that model provided in abstracttext.

error (อังกฤษ: error)

a type whose instances indicate problems in evaluation or validation; see Function model.

evaluator (อังกฤษ: evaluator)

a piece of software that takes a ZObject and evaluates it, that is executes a Function and returns the result. We envision the development of several evaluators. Evaluators may be implemented and run in the browser, on the server of the Wikimedia Foundation, in the cloud, in an app on a mobile device, or other places. Compare to executor and orchestrator.

executor (อังกฤษ: executor)

one of a set of internal services which are not exposed to the public. They can be only called by the orchestrator. They run native code in a specific programming language. There would be one executor for Lua, one for JavaScript, one for Python, etc. See the service documentation. Compare to evaluator and orchestrator.

F

function (อังกฤษ: function)

the specification of a computation that takes some input and returns output; see Function (computer science) in Wikipedia.

function call (อังกฤษ: function call)

A function call is a ZObject consisting of a function and the required arguments for the function, and can be evaluated to another ZObject. In English, the term "invoke" may also be used.

function model (อังกฤษ: function model)

see Function model.

functional (อังกฤษ: functional)

short for "purely functional", meaning that the evaluation of such a function has no side-effects and is deterministic, that is always the same; see Purely functional programming in Wikipedia; see Function model.

G

generic type (อังกฤษ: generic type)

a type generated by evaluation of a function call.

H

head (อังกฤษ: head)

the first element of a list. Also known as car. The rest of the list is known as tail or cdr. See phab:T261474.

I

identity (อังกฤษ: identity)

The identity of a type is an instance of (specific) function that evaluates to the type. For a simple type, it is a reference to the type itself.

implementation (อังกฤษ: implementation)

a particular way to execute a function. An implementation may be a piece of code in a certain programming language, refer to functionality “built into” the evaluator, or combine calls to other functions. A function may have many implementations, which should all be equivalent. Short for "ZFunction implementation".

instance (อังกฤษ: instance)

Every ZObject is an instance of its type.

invoke (อังกฤษ: invoke)

synonym for call in English. See function call.

item (อังกฤษ: item)

an entry in Wikidata's knowledge base; see Item in the Wikidata glossary.

J

JSON (อังกฤษ: JSON)

a widely used data serialization; see JSON in Wikipedia.

K

key (อังกฤษ: key)

a string which ends with the letter K followed by a natural number, and is optionally preceded by a ZID. Keys are defined in Wikifunctions usually on Types or Functions, and are used to build up ZObjects.

L

label (อังกฤษ: label)

main name given to identify a ZObject. May only be plain text.

lexeme (อังกฤษ: lexeme)

an entry in Wikidata storing lexicographic knowledge about, roughly, a word; see Lexeme in the Wikidata glossary.

linearizer (อังกฤษ: linearizer)

a function to convert a ZObject to a string. The opposite of parser.

list (อังกฤษ: list)

a data type that groups an arbitrary number of instances in an ordered entity; see List (abstract data type) in Wikipedia.

literal (อังกฤษ: literal)

a value that is not a ZObject. Currently the only accepted literal is string.

local Wikipedia (อังกฤษ: local Wikipedia)

a Wikipedia in a specific language, such as Hebrew Wikipedia, Japanese Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia.

M

multilingual Wikipedia (อังกฤษ: multilingual Wikipedia)

the architecture that allows local Wikipedias to enrich themselves by rendering the Content from Abstract Wikipedia and thus have a more comprehensive, current, and correct Wikipedia in their language; see Abstract Wikipedia architecture.

N

natural language (อังกฤษ: natural language)

a specific natural language in the wider sense, such as English, Tagalog, or Swahili; see Natural language in Wikipedia.

normal (อังกฤษ: normal)

an extended, easily processable and very uniform way to represent ZObjects in JSON. This is opposed to canonical.

nothing (อังกฤษ: nothing)

a data type that can have no instances; see Bottom type in Wikipedia.

O

object (อังกฤษ: object)

In JavaScript or JSON, an object is basically an associative array; see Associative array in Wikipedia.

orchestrator (อังกฤษ: orchestrator)

a service that takes a ZObject and returns an evaluated version of it. To do this it will make calls to the wiki for other ZObjects it needs, to the executor to evaluate some function calls, and other services such as Wikidata. See the service documentation. Compare to evaluator and executor.

P

หน้า (อังกฤษ: page)

a wiki consists of a number of individual pages, which can be edited independently.

parser (อังกฤษ: parser)

a function to convert a string to a ZObject. The opposite of linearizer.

pair (อังกฤษ: pair)

a compound ZObject that contains two ZObjects of specific (but arbitrary) type.

Part P1 (อังกฤษ: Part P1)

the part of the development project that deals with creating Wikifunctions. It starts at the beginning of the project and goes on throughout its whole lifetime; see Part P1: Wikifunctions.

Part P2 (อังกฤษ: Part P2)

the part of the development project that deals with creating Abstract Wikipedia. It starts after about a year in the project and goes on throughout the second half of its lifetime; see Part P2: Abstract Wikipedia.

persistent (อังกฤษ: persistent)

a ZObject with a ZID and with its own page in the wiki. Most persistent ZObjects will include values that are ZObjects with no ZID, and are therefore not persistent.

property (อังกฤษ: property)

used to make a statement about an Item in Wikidata's knowledge base; see Property in the Wikidata glossary.

Q

quote (อังกฤษ: quote)

a data structure that is not to be evaluated but kept verbatim.

R

อ้างอิง (อังกฤษ: reference)

an ID denoting the underlying object. For example, the string "Z11" refers to the Type Z11/Monolingual text.

Note: This term has a completely different meaning than on Wikidata; see Reference (computer science) in Wikipedia.

renderer (อังกฤษ: renderer)

a function that gets a content and an identifier for a natural language as an input and returns text in that natural language as output, representing the content as concrete text, using knowledge from lexemes.

reify (อังกฤษ: reify)

a function that deconstructs an object into its constituent parts so that the parts can be individually accessed; see Reification in Wikipedia; see phab:T261474.

REPL (อังกฤษ: REPL)

a Read / Eval / Print - Loop, a command line interface that takes some input, evaluates it, and displays the result; see REPL in Wikipedia; see Function model.

S

serialization (อังกฤษ: serialization)

Ways to represent ZObjects in JSON; see also canonical, normal.

statement (อังกฤษ: statement)

used to provide knowledge about an Item in Wikidata's knowledge base; see Statement in the Wikidata glossary.

string (อังกฤษ: string)

a sequence of characters.

sum type (อังกฤษ: sum type)

a type that can have instances of any of its constituent types; see Sum type in Wikipedia; see Function model.

T

tail (อังกฤษ: tail)

a list without its first element. Also known as cdr. The first element is known as head or car. See phab:T261474.

template (อังกฤษ: template)

a way to specify a renderer as text interspersed with place-holders, or slots, which can be filled with data from constructors, function calculation, or content from another template. See the document Template Language for Wikifunctions for a detailed discussion of the template syntax.

tester (อังกฤษ: tester)

a way to automatically determine if a given ZFunction is doing the right thing. A function will typically have multiple testers, each specifying some input to the function and conditions the output for the given input must fulfil. For example, testers for a “title case” function might include: “abc” should become “Abc”; “war and peace” should become “War and Peace”; “война и мир” should become “Война и мир”; and “123” should remain “123”.

transient (อังกฤษ: transient)

Opposite of persistent.

type (อังกฤษ: type)

a type defines the conditions for a ZObject to be a valid instance of this type, by providing a function that validates a ZObject. Types are ZObjects themselves, so that contributors of Wikifunctions can create new types.

V

value (อังกฤษ: value)

the string or ZObject associated with a key in another ZObject.

validator (อังกฤษ: validator)

A function taking a ZObject as argument and return a list of errors found.

W

wiki (อังกฤษ: wiki)

a web site that allows for the easy and collaborative editing of its pages.

วิกิสนเทศ (อังกฤษ: Wikidata)

a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a free, collaboratively edited knowledge base; see Wikidata.

วิกิฟังก์ชัน (อังกฤษ: Wikifunctions)

new project of the Wikimedia Foundation; a free, collaboratively developed and maintained catalog of functions. It was initially known as Wikilambda in the original proposal (that name is now used for the WikiLambda extension).

วิกิแลมป์ดา (อังกฤษ: WikiLambda)

the software used to power the project, Extension:WikiLambda.

มูลนิธิวิกิมีเดีย (อังกฤษ: Wikimedia Foundation)

organization that supports the Wikimedia movement; see Wikimedia Foundation.

วิกิพีเดีย (อังกฤษ: Wikipedia)

a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, a free, collaboratively edited encyclopedia; see Wikipedia.

Wikipedia, Abstract (อังกฤษ: Wikipedia, Abstract)

see Abstract Wikipedia.

Wikipedia, multilingual (อังกฤษ: Wikipedia, multilingual)

see multilingual Wikipedia.

Z

ZID (อังกฤษ: ZID)

an ID starting with the letter Z and followed by a natural number. Used to identify persistent ZObjects.

ZFunction (อังกฤษ: ZFunction)

a wiki page on Wikifunctions that describes a particular function that can be used through the evaluator. Each ZFunction can be realised in code by one or more Implementations, and said implementations can be verified as correct by one or more Tester ZFunctions.

ZKey (อังกฤษ: ZKey)

a ZObject defining a key for a particular type.

ZList (อังกฤษ: ZList)

a ZObject for an ordered sequence of other ZObjects.

ZObject (อังกฤษ: ZObject)

every entry in Wikifunctions is a ZObject. ZObjects stored in Wikifunctions have ZIDs and can be of numerous types, such as Constructors, Functions, Types, etc. A ZObject consists of a set of Key/Value pairs, with each Key appearing only once per ZObject and Values being ZObjects.

ZUnit (อังกฤษ: ZUnit)

a ZObject that represents a Unit type.